## 1. Course overview

Introduce the fictional clock model and invite learners to name their freshness requirement.

## 2. Learning outcomes

Ask learners to restate the three outcomes before continuing.

## 3. Audience & starting point

Confirm the two prerequisites; pause to explain timestamps if needed.

## 4. Freshness is a requirement

Ask for a task where stale data is acceptable, and one where it is not.

## 5. Expiry is a decision rule

Emphasize the equality boundary without changing the supplied rule.

## 6. Worked example

Read the code aloud and identify which values come from the caller.

## 7. Trace the reasoning

Trace the comparison before revealing the result.

## 8. Find the exact boundary

Give learners two minutes to explain equality in their own words.

## 9. Choose a defensible policy

Ask them to separate scheduling from acceptance.

## 10. Check your understanding

Try an incorrect option first to discuss its supplied explanation.

## 11. Answers & reasoning

Compare reasoning, not just the final string.

## 12. Takeaways & references

End by asking learners to apply one takeaway to their own bounded task.